Size it before you build it.

Cylinder force and speed

Enter bore and rod diameter, stroke, pressure, back pressure and flow. Compare extension and retraction force, speed and travel time. The annular rod-side area means extension and retraction give different results at the same flow.

Pump flow and power

Use displacement, drive speed and volumetric efficiency to estimate delivered flow. Compare hydraulic power with input power using mechanical efficiency. The throttle example uses 16 cm³/rev at 1,500 rpm and 95% volumetric efficiency, giving 22.8 L/min.

Pipe and hose

Estimate velocity, Reynolds number and pressure loss from internal diameter, length, flow, oil viscosity and density. The estimate includes laminar and turbulent friction for a smooth straight pipe, with an approximate transition between regimes. Real roughness, fittings and bends can add loss.

Accumulator capacity

Compare usable oil between minimum and maximum pressures using a gas precharge, nominal volume and polytropic exponent. The calculation converts gauge pressure to absolute pressure for the gas law.